I. Prophet s.a.w allowed bid’ah hasanah.
Prophet s.a.w allowed us to perform Bid’ah Hasanah (good Bid’ah) as long as it’s a good thing and is not against Islamic laws (syariah), as stated by him s.a.w: “Whoever creates or makes new good thing for the benefit of Islam, then he will receive rewards from Allah as well as the reward from people who follow him and it will not be lessened at all. And whoever creates new but bad thing in Islam, then for him all the sins from people who follow him and the sins will not be lessened even a little” (Shahih Muslim hadits no.1017, also being written and told in Shahih Ibn Khuzaimah, Sunan Baihaqi Alkubra, Sunan Addarimiy, Shahih Ibn Hibban and many more). This Hadits explained the meaning of Bid’ah hasanah and Bid’ah dhalalah.
Focus on the hadits from him s.a.w, isn’t he s.a.w encourage it?, if you all have a new opinion or idea that makes benefit or advantages to Islam then do it…, how magnificent it is the guidance from Prophet s.a.w which didn’t strangle nor hamper his followers. Prophet s.a.w knew that his followers will not live for only 10 nor 100 years, but thousand years. Humankind will continue living on earth and will come with them the new and advanced era, modernisation, the passing away of Moslem scholars, the spreading of misdeed and crime, hence obviously it is important to have new ideas and opinion in order to protect Moslem people and to keep them in nobility. This is the form of perfection of this religion, which can be applied at any time or situation until the end of the world, this is the true meaning of the verse: “ALYAUMA AKMALTU LAKUM DIINUKUM..etc, “ today I completed and made perfect your religion for you all, I also complete the convenience and comfort for you all, and I permit Islam as your religion”, the meaning is that all the lessons have been completed and perfect, no need other opinions to mend this religion. Therefore, all new things and ideas as long as they are included in syariah category have been blessed by Allah and His Prophet s.a.w, how perfect Islam is.
But it also doesn’t mean to create a new religion or new laws which against the syariah (Islamic laws) and sunnah Prophet s.a.w, nor allowing those already been forbidden by Prophet s.a.w or the other way around, this is the true meaning of his hadits s.a.w: “Whoever creates new things that causes immorality…etc”, this is called Bid’ah Dhalalah. He s.a.w has understood this all, that the time will change, therefore he s.a.w give permission to it (new good things or ideas), encouraged it and supported us to perform it, in order that his people wouldn’t be strangled and trapped in the old situation when he s.a.w lived, and he s.a.w has also warned his followers not to perform or create bad things (Bid’ah dhalalah).
About the opinion that says this hadits is especially for giving alms only, this opinion comes from those who are shallow in understanding syariah, because the above hadits clearly does not mention about restriction on giving alms only. It is proven by bid’ah hasanah done by the comrades of Prophet s.a.w as well as Tabi’in.
II. Who first started performing Bid’ah hasanah after Prophet s.a.w passed away?
When there was a massacre towards the comrades of Prophet (Ahlul yamaamah) whom were Huffadh (those who memorized) Alqur’an and the Experts in Alqur’an in the era of Khalifah Abubakar Asshiddiq r.a, then Abubakar Ashiddiq r.a said to Zeyd bin Tsabit r.a : “Really Umar (r.a) has come to me reporting the massacre of ahlulyamaamah and we feared the killing will continue towards the Experts of Ahlulqur’an, then he suggested that I (Abubakar Asshiddiq r.a) compile and write Alqur’an, I said: How could I do something never been performed by Rasulullah..??, then Umar said to me, in the Name of Allah this is for the good cause and is fine, and he kept on convincing me until Allah cleared my heart and I agreed, and now I share the same opinion with Umar, and you (Zeyd) is a young smart man, and we never accuse you (you never conduct any crime), you have written the divine revelation (wahyu), and now follow this and start compiling Alqur’an and write Alqur’an..!” said Zeyd : “In the Name of Allah really if I was ordered to move a mountain, even mountain is not as heavy as your order to compile Alqur’an, how could both of you perform something that never been done by Rasulullah s.a.w??”, then Abubakar r.a said that it is for a good cause, so he convinced me until Allah clear my heart and I agreed and now I share the same opinion with both of them and I started to compile Alqur’an”. (Shahih Bukhari hadits no.4402 and 6768).
There my brothers, if we take notice the above context, Abubakar shiddiq r.a admitted it with his words: “until Allah cleared my heart and I agreed and now I share the same opinion with Umar”, his heart is clear to accept new thing (bid’ah hasanah) that was to compile Alqur’an, because long before, Alqur’an was yet to compile in one book, but were scattered in the memory of the comrades of Prophet s.a.w, some were written on camel’s skin, on the wall, being memorized, etc. This is Bid’ah hasanah, and they both who started performing it.
Let us take notice on the hadits that was used as an argument to erase Bid’ah hasanah, that all bid’ah were misleading. It has been told that after performing fajr prayer, Rasul s.a.w came to us and delivered a religious speech that made our hearts shaking, and made our tears fell down.., then we asked: “O’ Rasulullah.. it seems like the testament for farewell…, kindly give us the testament…” then Prophet s.a.w spoke: “I bequeath you all to be pious to Allah, to listen and to follow although you are led by the African slave, truly amongst some of you who have longer life will witness so many different opinions (ikhtilaf), hence hold firmly to my sunnah and sunnah from khulafa’urrasyidin which will give you guidance, bite firmly with your teeth (an analogy for intensity and seriousness), and beware of new things, truly that all that is called Bid’ah is misleading”. (Mustadrak Alasshahihain hadits no.329).
Clearly that Prophet s.a.w explained us to follow his sunnah and sunnah from khulafa’urrasyidin, while in his sunnah s.a.w the new thing(s) is allowed as long as it’s good and doesn’t violate Islamic law (syariah), as well as sunnah khulafa’urrasyidin. You all witnessed it yourself how Abubakar shiddiq r.a and Umar bin Khattab r.a agreed and even encouraged and ordered the new thing that had never been done by Prophet s.a.w, that was compiling of Alqur’an, in which the writing and compiling process was completed in the era of Khalifah Utsman bin Affan r.a, with the approval and presence of Ali bin Abi Thalib k.w.
There,.. the four noblest and perfect men in humanity, khulafa’urrasyidin performed bid’ah hasanah, Abubakar shiddiq r.a in his leadership era ordered the compilation of Alqur’an, then Umar bin Khattab r.a also in his leadership era had instructed people to perform tarawih (night prayer during Ramadhan) together, while saying: “This is the best Bid’ah!”(Shahih Bukhari hadits no.1906). Then the compilation and writing of Alqur’an had been completed in the era of Khalifah Utsman bin Affan r.a, therefore Alqur’an now is known with the name Mushaf Utsmaniy, and Ali bin Abi Thalib k.w attended and approved this action. Also there was an action invented without Prophet s.a.w command, performing adzan (summon for prayer) twice before Friday Prayer, this had never been done in the era of Prophet s.a.w, nor in the era of Khalifah Abubakar shiddiq r.a, not in the era of Umar bin khattab r.a either, and had just performed in the era of Utsman bin Affan r.a, continued until today (Shahih Bulkhari hadits no.873).
Who was wrong and accused?, who understood better that Bid’ah was forbidden?, was there any opinion stated that these four Khulafa’urrasyidin didn’t understand the meaning of Bid’ah?
III. Bid’ah Dhalalah
Clearly that those who rejected bid’ah hasanah belong to the group of Bid’ah dhalalah, and Bid’ah dhalalah has various types, such as the denial of sunnah, rejection towards whatever the comrades were saying, rejection towards the opinion from Khulafa’urrasyidin, …among others were the rejection towards new thing/action although it was good and not went against Islamic law (syariah), while this had been allowed by Prophet s.a.w and had been done by Khulafa’urrasyidin, and Prophet s.a.w had clearly informed that there would be many differences (ikhtilaf), “hold on to my Sunnah and Sunnah from Khulafa’urrasyidin,” what was said by Sunnah Rasul s.a.w?, He s.a.w allowed Bid’ah hasanah, how about sunnah Khulafa’urrasyidin?, they performed Bid’ah hasanah, therefore the rejection and denial towards this thing is clearly what we called by Bid’ah dhalalah, the thing already warned by Rasul s.a.w.
If we omit and erase Bid’ah hasanah, then we have erased and performed bid’ah towards The Holy Book Al-Quran and the Book of Hadits which have been the main guidance in Islam. Why? because there was no instruction from Prophet s.a.w to compile these two books (Al-Quran and Hadits), and it was an unanimous opinion (ijma) amongst the comrades Radhiyallahu’anhum and it had been performed after Rasulullah s.a.w passed away.
The hadits books such as Shahih Bukhari, shahih Muslim etc also had been compiled and written in one book without instruction from Rasul s.a.w, nor the instruction from Khulafa’urrasyidin, yet the tabi’in started to write the book on hadits Rasul s.a.w, as well as knowledge on Musthalahulhadits, Nahwu, sharaf, etc in order that we could understand the different level of hadits. This all is possible because of Bid’ah but the good ones (Bid’ah Hasanah). Also the words “Radhiyallahu’anhu” towards the comrades of Prophet s.a.w, had never been taught by Prophet s.a.w, nor by the comrades themselves, although it was mentioned in the Al-Quran that these comrades were blessed by Allah, but there was no instruction in the verses nor in the hadits Prophet s.a.w to say those words for his comrades. But because of the love from these Tabi’in towards the comrades, they added these words. And this is Bid’ah Hasanah based on the above Hadits. Then now we have Al-Quran being recorded in tapes, copied into CDs, Al-Quran program in hand phones, Al-Quran being translated, all of these are Bid’ah hasanah. The good Bid’ah will bring the advantages towards Moslem people, and because of the above Bid’ah hasanah it is much easier for us to learn Al-Quran, to always recite Al-Quran, even to memorize Al-Quran and nobody can deny this fact.
Now if we look back to the history of Islam, if Al-Quran were not compiled into a book by the Comrades r.a, what would happen to the development of Islamic history? Al-Quran would still scatter on the walls, on camel’s skin, in the memory of Comrades r.a which only few had been written, then thousand versions of Al-Quran would appear in this era now, because every bodu would collect and compiled into a book, in which has its own interpretation and its own story, this will destroy Al-Quran and demolish Islam. But with Bid’ah Hasanah, we can now still identify the complete Al-Quran, and with Bid’ah Hasanah also we can still recognize Hadits from Prophet s.a.w, thus Islam will be strong and everlasting. Clearly what has been allowed by Prophet s.a.w, because he s.a.w had known that new good things (Bid’ah hasanah), would appear sooner or later, and Prophet s.a.w had prohibited new bad things (Bid’ah dhalalah).
My brothers, open your heart to accept this all, remember what had been said by this first Amirulmukminin, his words are the jewels of Alqur’an. The great figure, Abubakar Ashiddiq r.a said about Bid’ah hasanah: “until Allah cleared my heart and I agreed and now I share the same opinion with Umar”.
Then also commented Zeyd bin haritsah r.a :”..how could both of you (Abubakar and Umar) perform something that never been done by Rasulullah s.a.w??, then Abubakar r.a answered that it was for a good cause, so he (Abubakar r.a) also convinced me (Zeyd) until Allah cleared my heart and I agreed and now I share the same opinion with both of them”.
Therefore I call upon my noble Moslem brothers, the clear heart that accept new good things are the same one with the heart of Abubakar shiddiq r.a, the heart of Umar bin Khattab r.a, the heart of Zeyd bin haritsah r.a, and the heart of comrades, these are the hearts that have been cleaned by Allah s.w.t. And be suspicious to yourself if you find yourself deny this, perhaps your heart hasn’t been cleared by Allah, therefore you wouldn’t agree with these noble people, not yet agree with their opinion, still refuse bid’ah hasanah. While Prophet s.a.w had reminded you that there would be many differences (ikhtilaf), and hold firmly to my sunnah and sunnah from khulafa’urrasyidin which will give you guidance, bite firmly with your teeth (an analogy for intensity and seriousness) to my guidance and their guidance.
May Allah clear my soul and all of your souls in order that we share the same opinion and thoughts with Abubakar Asshiddiq r.a, Umar bin Khattab r.a, Utsman bin Affan r.a, Ali bin Abi Thalib k.w and all the comrades.. amiin.
IV. Opinions on Bid’ah from many Imam and Muhadditsin
1. Al Hafidh Al Muhaddits Al Imam Muhammad bin Idris Assyafii rahimahullah (Imam Syafii) Imam Syafii said that bid’ah was divided into two, bid’ah mahmudah (commendable) and bid’ah madzmumah (blameworthy), therefore those in line with sunnah are praiseworthy, and those not in line with sunnah are blameworthy. He was based on what being said by Umar bin Khattab r.a about tarawih prayer: “this is the best bid’ah”. (Interpretation from Imam Qurtubiy, Part 2 pages: 86-87)
2. Al Imam Al Hafidh Muhammad bin Ahmad Al Qurtubiy rahimahullah
“in reacting to what he said (Imam Syafii’s statement), I would say (Imam Qurtubi said) that the meaning of the hadits by Prophet s.a.w: “the worst problem is the new thing, and all Bid’ah are dhalalah” (wa syarrul umuuri muhdatsaatuha wa kullu bid’atin dhalaalah) actually are the things that are not in line with Alqur’an and Sunnah Rasul s.a.w, or the action of Comrades radhiyallahu ‘anhum. It really has been elaborated more in other hadits: “Whoever creates new things that are good in Islam, then for him the reward as well as the reward from those following him and the rewards won’t be lessened at all. And whoever create new things that are bad for Islam, then for him the sins as well as the sins for those following him” (Shahih Muslim hadits no.1017) and this hadits is the core explanation on good bid’ah and misleading bid’ah”. (Tafsir Imam Qurtubiy, Part 2 page 87)
3. Al Muhaddits Al Hafidh Al Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syaraf Annawawiy rahimahullah (Imam Nawawi)
“The explanation on hadits : “Whoever create new things which are good for Islam, then for him the rewards as well as the rewards of people who follow him and it won’t be lessened from his rewards, and those created bad things will create sins..etc”, this hadits is an encouragement to create good habits, and the threat if creating bad things, and there is an exception in this hadits, from what Prophet s.a.w said: “all new things are Bid’ah, and all that is called Bid’ah is misleading”. Really what it meant was the new bad things and the blameworthy Bid’ah”. (Syarh Annawawi ‘ala Shahih Muslim, Part 7 pages: 104-105)
And also there was a statement from Imam Nawawi that Ulama (Moslem scholars) divide bid’ah into 5 types: the obligatory Bid’ah, Bid’ah mandub (you will receive reward/merit if doing it, and wouldn’t get sin if not willing to do it), bid’ah mubah (neutral), bid’ah which is objectionable (makruh) and forbidden bid’ah (haram). The example of obligatory Bid’ah is to include religious arguments in statements that confront denials. An example of bid’ah mandub is making books on syariah knowledge, building classes and majelis taklim as well as Islamic boarding schools. An example of Bid’ah Mubah is the different kinds of food types, while Bid’ah makruh and haram have been widely known. This in the meaning of the exceptional from the regular meaning, as being stated by Umar r.a to his people who performed tarawih prayer together, that this is the best bid’ah”. (Syarh Imam Nawawi ala shahih Muslim, Part 6 pages:154-155)
4. Al Hafidh AL Muhaddits Al Imam Jalaluddin Abdurrahman Assuyuthiy rahimahullah
About the hadits “Bid’ah Dhalalah”, it means “Aammun makhsush”, (something common but has some exceptions), as Allah commands: “… that Destroy everything” (QS Al Ahqaf 25) and the truth is not everything is destroyed, (*or also in the verse: “Really I have confirmed my decision to fill up the hell with genies and human beings all of them” QS Assajdah-13), and in fact not all humankinds go into hell, but this verse is meant for all polytheists (musyrikin) and tyrants (dhalim). writer) or the hadits: “I and the resurrection day (kiamat) are close like these fingers” (in fact the judgment day is still thousand years after the passing away of Rasul s.a.w) (Syarh Assuyuthiy Part 3 page: 189).
Hence if there is new thought in the end of time which in opposition to the understanding of those Muhaddits, then we must be careful, from where they get the knowledge?, their understanding is based on what?, or someone who is called the religious leader (imam) while he is far from reaching the level of hafidh or muhaddits?, or perhaps it is merely a thought and saying from people who don’t posses sanad, simply interpreting some hadits and jumping into his own conclusion regardless the official religious opinions (fatwa) from Imam?
Walillahittaufiq
Contributed by Munzir Almusawa